- Title
- Novel swampy forest system as a strategy to meet coal mine wastewater discharge compliance requirements in Indonesia
- Creator
- Noor, Ihsan; Arifin, Yudi Firmanul; Priatmadi, Bambang Joko; Saidy, Akhmad Rizalli; Lee, Charles; Roberts, Tim; Mansur, Irdika; Saria, Lana
- Relation
- Derelict Mines: Environmental Risk Assessment and Management p. 299-310
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315141855-17
- Publisher
- CRC Press
- Resource Type
- book chapter
- Date
- 2024
- Description
- Most coal mines in Indonesia apply the open-pit method and have the potential to generate acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is formed when the removal of overburden during operation and its replacement during the reclamation process cause the oxidation of pyrite minerals. AMD, representing coal mine wastewater with a low pH and a high metal content, must be managed to meet the quality standards of applicable regulations before being released into public waters. AMD treatments must include processes to mitigate significant challenges; such treatments include active treatment in the conventional way, which involves neutralizing the acidity with quicklime before discharge but at high cost, and passive treatment, which also has limitations. The concept of a swampy forest is a novel system using a nature-based solution involving the development of passive treatment for AMD, which lowers costs and increases capacity. The swampy forest system uses a constructed wetland concept in which the AMD flow is routed through a series of types of organic matter and hyperaccumulator plants that are specifically selected to take up toxic substances in the wastewater. Initially, the wastewater stream is treated by empty fruit bunches of palm oil waste, which is an organic process with the ability to reduce acidity and increase the water pH level. Subsequently, to reduce the content of toxic metals, the wastewater is routed through a reclaimed area consisting of specially selected grass and tree species. The swampy forest system has been shown to significantly improve the quality of wastewater to meet compliance requirements before discharge. The process of having to use quicklime can be replaced by a much more environmentally friendlier nature-based swampy forest system.
- Subject
- coal mines; Indonesia; acid mine drainage (AMD); swampy forest
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1518709
- Identifier
- uon:57368
- Identifier
- ISBN:9781315141855
- Language
- eng
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