- Title
- Effects of 4-nonylphenol and 17α-ethynylestradiol exposure in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata: vitellogenin induction and gonadal development
- Creator
- Andrew, M. N.; Dunstan, R. H.; O'Connor, W. A.; Van Zwieten, L.; Nixon, B.; Macfarlane, G. R.
- Relation
- Aquatic Toxicology Vol. 88, Issue 1, p. 39-47
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.03.003
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2008
- Description
- Adult Saccostrea glomerata were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (1 μg/L and 100 μg/L) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (5 ng/L and 50 ng/L) in seawater over 8 weeks. Exposures were performed to assess effects on vitellogenin induction and gonadal development during reproductive conditioning. Chronic direct estrogenicity within gonadal tissue was assessed via an estrogen receptor-mediated, chemical-activated luciferase reporter gene-expression assay (ER-CALUX®). Estradiol equivalents (EEQ) were greatest in the 100 μg/L 4-nonylphenol exposure (28.7 ± 2.3 ng/g tissue EEQ) while 17α-ethynylestradiol at concentrations of 50 ng/L were 2.2 ± 1.5 ng/g tissue EEQ. Results suggest 4-nonylphenol may be accumulated in tissue and is partly resistant to biotransformation; maintaining its potential for chronic estrogenic action, while 17α-ethynylestradiol, although exhibiting greater estrogenic potency on biological endpoints possibly exerts its estrogenic action before being rapidly metabolised and/or excreted. A novel methodology was developed to assess vitellogenin using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Exposure to both 17α-ethynylestradiol (50 ng/L) and 4-nonylphenol (100 μg/L) produced increases in vitellogenin for females, whereas males exhibited increases in vitellogenin when exposed to 50 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol only. Females exhibited greater vitellogenin responses than males at 50 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol only. Histological examination of gonads revealed a number of individuals exhibiting intersex (ovotestis) in 50 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol exposures. Male individuals in 1 μg/L and 100 μg/L 4-nonylphenol exposures and 5 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol were at earlier stages of spermatogenic development than corresponding controls.
- Subject
- 4-nonylphenol; 17α-ethynylestradiol; ER-CALUX®; estrogenically active compounds; gonadal development; intersex; oyster; vitellogenin
- Identifier
- uon:5448
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/43328
- Identifier
- ISSN:0166-445X
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