https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:42636 Wed 31 Aug 2022 09:32:13 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38936 Wed 30 Aug 2023 14:20:27 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:52590 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:32:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:53095 Wed 27 Mar 2024 12:12:14 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:40462 Wed 27 Jul 2022 11:59:24 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:50256 Wed 26 Jul 2023 10:46:17 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48935 Wed 19 Apr 2023 14:47:54 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:24338 Wed 17 Nov 2021 16:29:37 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:30729 Galeolaria caespitosa (Polychaeta: Serpulidae), which has significant potential as a bio-indicator species of coastal marine pollution. The abdomen of G. caespitosa was divided by intersegmental septa into over 80 trunk segments. Each segment served as a germinal chamber with a C-shaped gonadal arrangement consisting of several distinct compartments: a seminiferous epithelium (SE) compartment located in the centre of the chamber, with each of its two ends connecting to a nurse cell (NC) compartment and then an efferent duct (ED) compartment. The SE compartment contained a multilayered seminiferous epithelium where spermatogenesis was initiated. Spermatids were released in pairs into the lumen of the SE compartment and then transported to the NC compartment where they underwent spermiogenesis with the support of secretory vesicles released by the nurse cells. Spermatozoa were stored in the ED compartment and subsequently released into the seawater through the vas deferens. Unlike vertebrates where germ cells differentiated in close proximity to the nurse cell population (i.e. Sertoli cells), the spermatogenic cells of G. caespitosa exhibited no direct contact with supporting cells at any spermatogenic stage. This finding suggested that the spermatogenesis in G. caespitosa was more dependent on intrinsic developmental programming than most species. Notwithstanding such differences, there were clear parallels between the male reproductive system of G. caespitosa and mammals, in terms of the structure and function. The independence of spermatogenic cells from supporting cells in G. caespitosa raised the possibility of inducing spermiogenesis in vitro, which would provide a useful tool to dissect the mechanisms underlying this complex cell differentiation process in invertebrates and other higher order animals.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:39:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:30799 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:41:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:52841 Wed 06 Mar 2024 15:39:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:40175 in vivo, or in vitro as a result of sperm storage, purification and processing. Following a brief description of the production, homeostasis and functions of ROS in mammalian sperm function, this review paper will focus on describing the predominant sources of ROS in the ejaculate, the effects of ROS on a cellular and molecular level, and the actions of ROS from the whole animal perspective. There is highlighting of some studies, which have revealed the mechanisms for these observations, along with some strategies to ameliorate or prevent the instigation of the oxidative stress cascade before irreversible damage to spermatozoa occurs.]]> Wed 06 Jul 2022 12:28:36 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:55214 Wed 01 May 2024 10:39:22 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:47669 Tue 24 Jan 2023 15:55:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:49603 Tue 23 May 2023 15:40:03 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48336 Tue 14 Mar 2023 17:16:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48010 Tue 14 Feb 2023 17:45:53 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:53638 Tue 12 Dec 2023 16:36:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:32666 capacitation in order to attain the competence to recognize the egg and then engage in a complex cascade of cell–cell interactions in order to achieve union of the gametes at fertilization. This process involves extensive remodelling of the sperm plasma membrane as well as the induction of hyperactivated motility and, as such, is a highly energy-dependent process. The process of spermatogenesis requires extensive remodelling of a conventional spherical cell to become one of the most highly specialized and morphologically differentiated cells in the body. During this transformation, the DNA in the sperm nucleus reaches the physical limits of compaction to achieve a quasicrystalline state. This extreme compaction requires the removal or resorption of most of the cytoplasm, at the same time removing the majority of the organelles (such as the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and Golgi apparatus) that are intimately involved in the regulation of metabolism in somatic cells. The result of this extensive remodelling is that spermatozoa are left translationally and transcriptionally silent, as well as relatively depleted of intracellular enzymes and energy reserves such as fat droplets, yolk granules and glycogen. For this reason, spermatozoa are heavily dependent on their immediate extracellular environment for the energy substrates that drive metabolism, as well as a variety of specialized enzymatic activities that would normally be conducted intracellularly. For example, in somatic cells, the array of enzymes and low-molecular-mass scavengers involved in mediating protection against oxidative stress is housed intracellularly, largely within the cytoplasmic space. Spermatozoa, on the other hand, largely depend upon the epididymal and seminal plasmas to provide the richest and most diverse combination of antioxidants in the body, including several that are unique to the male reproductive tract. In much the same way that economies trade using a currency rather than a barter system, biological systems have all evolved their own unique ‘currencies’ for the exchange of energy.The most important of these currencies is adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), which provides the metabolic energy to drive activities in all living cells.]]> Tue 10 Jul 2018 11:47:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34948 Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:57:02 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:50551 Tue 01 Aug 2023 10:53:37 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:27 Thu 25 Jul 2013 09:10:14 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:7 Thu 25 Jul 2013 09:10:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:4 Thu 25 Jul 2013 09:10:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:465 Thu 25 Jul 2013 09:09:55 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48399 Thu 11 May 2023 13:36:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:1255 Thu 09 Nov 2023 15:42:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:39473 Eisenia fetida was investigated. The results of this study indicate that selected parabens do not negatively affect the survival, growth, and reproduction of Eisenia fetida up to 1000 mg Kg⁻¹ concentration. Further, these parabens (0–1000 mg Kg⁻¹) exhibited a low persistence in soil with more than 90 % disappearing within three days. In contrast, only 16–54 % degradation of parabens occurred in frozen soil suggesting a microbial role in parabens degradation. This study demonstrates that methyl-, propyl-, and butyl parabens degrade rapidly in the terrestrial environment and therefore, are unlikely to pose a threat to species such as Eisenia fetida. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the toxicity of parabens to earthworms.]]> Thu 09 Jun 2022 09:50:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:44054 Thu 06 Oct 2022 09:06:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:9623 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:35:27 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:29 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:42:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:42:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:41 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:42:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:59 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:42:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:26609 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:58 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:29533 2+-binding tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated protein (CABYR) has been implicated in sperm physiological function in several in vitro studies. It has also been implicated as a potential cause of and diagnostic tool in asthenozoospermic human males. CABYR is known to be localized to the fibrous sheath, an accessory structure in the flagellar principal piece. Utilizing the CRISPR–Cas9 technology, we have knocked out this gene in mice to understand its role in male fertility. Cabyr-knockout male mice showed severe subfertility with a defect in sperm motility as well as a significant disorganization in the fibrous sheath. Further, abnormal configuration of doublet microtubules was observed in the Cabyr-knockout spermatozoa, suggesting that the fibrous sheath is important for the correct organization of the axoneme. Our results show that it is the role of CABYR in the formation of the fibrous sheath that is essential for male fertility.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:28012 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:23696 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:27 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:37797 Mon 26 Apr 2021 12:23:37 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51772 Mon 18 Sep 2023 14:29:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:40738 Mon 18 Jul 2022 13:12:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:49985 Mon 13 Nov 2023 08:45:14 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:52304 Mon 09 Oct 2023 10:17:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:43567 Fri 23 Sep 2022 11:57:30 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34517 Fri 22 Mar 2019 13:04:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33851 Fri 18 Jan 2019 15:09:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51550 Fri 08 Sep 2023 15:06:19 AEST ]]>