https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:50124 Wed 28 Feb 2024 16:17:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:53766 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:55:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:50696 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:12:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51924 Wed 28 Feb 2024 09:57:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:35668 Wed 23 Oct 2019 11:14:19 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48612 Wed 22 Mar 2023 14:50:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:39598 Wed 15 Jun 2022 12:54:07 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46486 individual and community empowerment in smoking cessation during pregnancy studies with Aboriginal women. Three interventions were found in published and grey literature. Elements of individual empowerment were embedded in all interventions. Interventions considered barriers for Aboriginal women to quit smoking and areas for capacity building. Interventions used health education resources. There was limited reporting of community empowerment domains. Aboriginal ethics and capacity building was the only criterium addressed by all studies. Interventions are incorporating individual empowerment, but seldom report community empowerment. The development of reporting guidelines or extensions of current guidelines would be beneficial to set a consistently high standard reporting across Aboriginal health interventions, similar to the work conducted to develop the extension of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Equity (PRISMA-E) for health equity in systematic review reporting. Reporting empowerment domains would reflect the government priority of empowerment to improve Aboriginal health, as well as enhancing knowledge translation into practice.]]> Wed 13 Mar 2024 09:40:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:49845 Wed 13 Mar 2024 08:52:42 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:44276 Wed 13 Mar 2024 08:51:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:40491 Wed 13 Jul 2022 14:48:44 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:32807 Wed 10 Nov 2021 15:12:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36592 p = .02). Carers in the workforce were more likely to be engaging in inadequate physical activity (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.7, p =  .02); and male participants were more likely to engage in harmful alcohol consumption (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1–7.9, p = .03). Working carers were approximately five times more likely to report interest in improving their alcohol consumption (OR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.3–20.5, p = .02) compared to those not currently in the workforce. Conclusions: Results suggest high engagement in health risk behaviours among carers of people with a mental illness, particularly with regards to harmful alcohol consumption. Findings suggest a need to develop and implement chronic disease prevention strategies. Further research with larger representative samples is needed to confirm findings.]]> Wed 10 Jun 2020 14:16:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36589 Wed 10 Jun 2020 14:02:44 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:35771 Wed 09 Mar 2022 15:58:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:50018 Wed 06 Mar 2024 14:33:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:50914 Wed 06 Mar 2024 14:16:27 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33552 Wed 06 Apr 2022 13:57:36 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38146 Wed 04 Aug 2021 16:45:46 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:49006 Wed 03 May 2023 12:17:18 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48997 35 cigarettes/day. Lung cancer risk was lower with quitting at any age but remained higher than never-smokers for quitters aged >25y. By age 80y, an estimated 48.3% of current-smokers (41.1% never-smokers) will develop cancer, and 14% will develop lung cancer, including 7.7% currently smoking 1-5 cigarettes/day and 26.4% for >35 cigarettes/day (1.0% never-smokers). Cancer risk for Australian smokers is significant, even for 'light' smokers. These contemporary estimates underpin the need for continued investment in strategies to prevent smoking uptake and facilitate cessation, which remain key to reducing cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide.]]> Wed 03 May 2023 12:03:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36127 50%) is detected, DerSimonian & Laird inverse-variance random effects model. Pooled estimates and 95% CIs will be calculated for overall participant retention rates and for intervention and control trial arms separately. Associations between participant retention and participant, environmental, researcher and study factors will be assessed via subgroup analyses and, where sufficient data are obtained, meta-regression. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval. The findings of this review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed open access medical journal and presentations at international scientific meetings.]]> Wed 02 Mar 2022 14:25:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:52918 Wed 01 Nov 2023 09:31:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:35788 2 tests. Multivariate logistic regression explored variables related to tobacco smoking. Results: Eight hundred nineteen patients participated. Over one-fifth (21.8%) identified as a current smoker, half (51.8%) reported consuming alcohol at hazardous levels in the last 12 months, and about 10% stated that they had used cannabis in the last 30 days (9.7%), or experienced symptoms of either anxiety (12.4%), or depression (12.9%) in the last two weeks. Over one-fifth of current tobacco smokers (21.8%) reported drinking heavily in the last 12 months and using cannabis recently. Males, with a lower educational attainment, who were unmarried, had used cannabis recently, and report drinking heavily were more likely to be current smokers. Conclusions: Health behaviour interventions addressing comorbidities are warranted among the orthopaedic trauma population given the high rate of comorbidity and impact these may have on recovery.]]> Tue 26 Nov 2019 15:16:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:41120 Tue 26 Jul 2022 13:14:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:47647 P = 0.007) and for those under 65 (19.0%; 95% CI, 8.1–28.6%) than for older people (6.6%; 95% CI, 1.9–11.1%; P = 0.030). There were no independent relationships between body mass index or alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: Strategies that reduce the uptake of smoking and encourage current smokers to quit could substantially reduce the future incidence of pancreatic cancer in Australia, particularly among men.]]> Tue 24 Jan 2023 14:51:37 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:49597 Tue 23 May 2023 13:34:14 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:42443 Tue 23 Aug 2022 10:47:28 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:44624 P<.0001; with adjustment for infant sex and maternal body mass index). Indigenous mean birthweight percentile was 4.2 units lower (P<.0001). Adjustment for maternal age, smoking, body mass index, and infant sex reduced the difference in birthweight/percentiles to nonsignificance (12 g; P=.07). Conclusion: Disparities exist between indigenous and non-indigenous Australian infants for birthweight, birthweight percentile, and adverse outcome rates. Adjustment for smoking and maternal age removed any significant difference in birthweights and birthweight percentiles for indigenous infants. Our data indicate that birthweight percentiles should not be adjusted for indigenous ethnicity because this normalizes disadvantage; because White and indigenous Australians have diverged for approximately 50,000 years, it is likely that the same conclusions apply to other ethnic groups. The disparities in birthweight percentiles that are associated with smoking will likely perpetuate indigenous disadvantage into the future because low birthweight is linked to the development of chronic noncommunicable disease and poorer educational attainment; similar problems may affect other indigenous populations.]]> Tue 18 Oct 2022 11:09:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:50313 60 minutes after waking), and were categorised as low smoking dependency compared with those aged 35 years and over. One-third of women (153 [35.7%]) had ever used NRT and/or SSM. A greater proportion of older women (35–49-year-olds) had sustained a quit attempt for years (62/149 [45.6%]) and reported trying NRT and/or SSM (78/149 [52.4%]) than women in younger age groups. Quitting suddenly rather than gradually was significantly associated with sustained abstinence (prevalence ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.10–1.48]). Among women who had never used NRT or SSM, most (219/275 [79.6%]) reported reasons for this in the category of attitudes and beliefs. NRT and SSM use was also more likely among women who were confident talking to their doctor about quitting (odds ratio, 2.50 [95% CI, 1.23–5.10]) and those who received most of their information from a health professional (odds ratio, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.11–2.63]). Conclusion: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women want to quit smoking and are making attempts to quit. Quitting suddenly, rather than reducing cigarette consumption, is associated with increased sustained abstinence. Health providers can enable access and uptake of NRT and/or SSM and should recognise that NRT and/or SSM use may change over time. Consistent messaging, frequent offers of smoking cessation support, and access to a range of smoking cessation supports should be provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women to enable them to be smoke-free.]]> Tue 18 Jul 2023 11:15:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:49445 Tue 16 May 2023 13:53:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:43144 Tue 13 Sep 2022 15:21:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:54234 Tue 13 Feb 2024 12:27:33 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36394 Tue 07 Apr 2020 15:53:48 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:54130 Tue 06 Feb 2024 11:36:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33398 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:19:53 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34909 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:19:15 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33659 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:18:59 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33143 −26) and a 1.4 fold in the severe COPD -related genes (P = 2.3 × 10⁻¹²). There was no significant enrichment of the mice and human smoking-related genes in mild COPD signature. These data suggest that murine smoke models are strongly representative of molecular processes of human smoking but less of COPD.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:18:55 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34435 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:17:13 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33336 Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:59:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33993 Firmicutes, specifically Streptococcus and Veillonella spp. The relative abundance of the genus Rothia was also observed to be greater in current smokers; while in contrast, levels of Prevotella and Neisseria were lower. The MAM profiles and diversity of previous smokers were observed to be intermediate between current and never smokers. Smoking did not impact the total density of bacteria present on the mucosa. Conclusions: These data indicate the duodenal MAM of current smokers is characterised by reduced bacterial diversity, which is partially but not completely restored in previous smokers. While the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these microbiota changes may in some part explain the adverse effects of smoking on mucosa-associated diseases of the GI tract. Smoking status requires consideration when interpreting MAM data.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:58:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34910 0.05). Retention rates did not vary according to treatment condition at any follow-up time point. Participants who completed a prior assessment were more likely to complete the 12 month assessment (both prior assessments: OR 10.7, p < 0.001; 6 month assessment: OR 6.01, p < 0.001; and 1 month assessment: OR 1.8, p = 0.002). Conclusion: The underrepresentation of younger participants and those identifying to be Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander may limit the generalisability of findings. Findings suggest that inclusion of multiple contacts during a trial follow up period may increase retention at the final assessment. Interventions to improve retention, overall and for those sub-groups less likely to be retained, in smoking trials involving persons with a mental illness are needed. Further assessment of sample characteristics, and also trial design factors, associated with retention in this field is warranted.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:58:07 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34460 Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:03:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36272 Thu 28 Oct 2021 12:36:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:41180 Thu 28 Jul 2022 10:58:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:45307 Thu 27 Oct 2022 13:57:01 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:45346 Thu 27 Oct 2022 10:29:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38305 Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:11:37 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:35110 Pdifference < .001). The burden attributed to these factors was also higher for those born in Australia (28.7%) than elsewhere (16.8%, Pdifference = .047). We observed modification of the smoking-attributable burden by alcohol consumption and educational attainment, and modification of the obesity-attributable burden by age group and birthplace. Conclusions: We produced up-to-date estimates of the future CRC burden attributed to modifiable behaviors. We revealed novel differences between men and women, and other high–CRC burden subgroups that could potentially benefit most from programs that support behavioral change and early detection.]]> Thu 24 Mar 2022 11:32:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51390 Thu 23 Nov 2023 14:31:06 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36959 Thu 23 Jul 2020 09:03:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51854 Thu 21 Sep 2023 09:40:44 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:54921 3 months, and pooled mean decrease in body mass index 0.06 kg/m2 up to 3 months; -0.27 kg/m2 for >3 months. Despite the encouraging direction of the relationship, results were not statistically significant (p > .05). Findings underscore the potential of workplace health promotion programs targeting certain chronic disease risk factors in men; however, future research should consider long-term study designs to assess the efficacy of workplace health programs as a solution to the growing burden of global disease.]]> Thu 21 Mar 2024 13:41:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38949 Thu 17 Mar 2022 08:49:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:39641 Thu 16 Jun 2022 14:27:07 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:43332 Thu 15 Sep 2022 14:57:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:43333 Thu 15 Sep 2022 14:57:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:37852 Thu 13 Jan 2022 10:30:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46922 Thu 08 Dec 2022 09:05:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46909 Thu 08 Dec 2022 08:26:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:44091 Thu 06 Oct 2022 16:02:35 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34713 2.5) has been linked to increased stroke. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of long-term exposure. Methods: A total of 45 625 participants were interviewed and included in this study, the participants came from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health, a prospective cohort in 6 low- and middle-income countries. Ambient PM_2.5 levels were estimated for participants' communities using satellite data. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine the association between long-term PM_2.5 exposure and stroke. Potential effect modification by physical activity and consumption of fruit and vegetables was assessed. Results: The odds of stroke were 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.22) for each 10 µg/m³ increase in PM_2.5. This effect remained after adjustment for confounding factors including age, sex, smoking, and indoor air pollution (adjusted odds ratio=1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.21). Further stratified analyses suggested that participants with higher levels of physical activity had greater odds of stroke, whereas those with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables had lower odds of stroke. These effects remained robust in sensitivity analyses. We further estimated that 6.55% (95% confidence interval, 1.97%-12.01%) of the stroke cases could be attributable to ambient PM_2.5 in the study population. Conclusions: This study suggests that ambient PM_2.5 may increase the risk of stroke and may be responsible for the astounding stroke burden in low- and middle-income countries. In addition, greater physical activity may enhance, whereas greater consumption of fruit and vegetables may mitigate the effect.]]> Thu 04 Nov 2021 10:40:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:30971 Thu 04 Nov 2021 10:38:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48250 Thu 04 May 2023 09:05:35 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:41239 Sat 30 Jul 2022 12:19:24 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:52851 30%. For each group, an age–period– cohort model or generalised linear model with cigarette smoking exposure as a covariate was selected based on the model fit statistics and validation using observed data. The smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) was calculated for each smoking-related cancer using Australian smoking prevalence data and published relative risks. Results: Despite the decreasing mortality rates projected for the period 2015–2019 to 2040–2044 for both men and women, the overall number of smoking-related cancer deaths is estimated to increase by 28.7% for men and 35.8% for women: from 138 707 (77 839 men and 60 868 women) in 2015–2019 to 182 819 (100 153 men and 82 666 women) in 2040–2044. Over the period 2020–2044, there will be 254 583 cancer deaths (173 943 men and 80 640 women) directly attributable to smoking, with lung, larynx, oesophagus and oral (comprising lip, oral cavity and pharynx) cancers having the largest SAFs. Interpretation: Cigarette smoking will cause over 250 000 cancer deaths in Australia from 2020 to 2044. Continued efforts in tobacco control remain a public health priority, even in countries where smoking prevalence has substantially declined.]]> Mon 30 Oct 2023 09:54:19 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:37590 Mon 29 Mar 2021 10:17:19 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38937 SD = 2.6; out of 8-sessions). Seventeen participants (77%) completed at least half of the sessions, and nine participants (40%) completed all eight sessions. Participant satisfaction was high, with all participants followed up rating the quality of the service they received as 'good' or 'excellent'. When compared to the Control Condition, people in the Treatment Condition demonstrated greater treatment effects on smoking and leisure screen time. There was only a negligible effect on servings of fruit and vegetable. Conclusions: Results were promising regarding the feasibility of peer-workers delivering BHC. Good retention rates and high consumer satisfaction ratings in the Treatment Condition demonstrated that peer-workers were capable of delivering the intervention to the extent that consumers found it beneficial. The current results suggest that a sufficiently powered, peer delivered randomised controlled trial of BHC is warranted.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:03:28 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38574 Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:57:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:54024 Mon 29 Jan 2024 13:34:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36921 Mon 27 Jul 2020 12:48:44 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:44914 Mon 24 Oct 2022 16:24:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:44782 Mon 24 Oct 2022 09:10:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:32792 Mon 23 Sep 2019 13:00:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:32620 Mon 23 Sep 2019 12:40:58 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:32049 Mon 23 Sep 2019 11:46:34 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:47478 Mon 23 Jan 2023 11:33:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:37708 Mon 22 Mar 2021 12:20:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:48494 n = 50) and participants in the control group completed an online depression program (n = 27). The study examined the health outcomes of participants (i.e., smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and symptom distress) and the feasibility of running the group sessions within the residential facilities. Results: Within-treatment effects demonstrated medium to large positive effects for reductions in smoking and increases in physical activity, servings of fruit, and servings of vegetables for people completing Healthy Recovery. When compared to the control condition, there were medium effects in favor of the Healthy Recovery condition for reductions in smoking and increases in physical activity. There was a small effect for servings of fruit and no effect for servings of vegetables. Conclusions: Results from this study demonstrated that people attending residential substance dependence treatment are willing and capable of engaging in multiple health behavior change interventions.]]> Mon 20 Mar 2023 12:29:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46239 Mon 14 Nov 2022 13:07:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46962 Il22^−/−) mice. CS-induced airway remodelling and emphysema-like alveolar enlargement did not occur in Il22^−/− mice. Il22^−/− mice had improved lung function in terms of airway resistance, total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, forced vital capacity and compliance. These data highlight important roles for IL-22 and its receptors in human COPD and CS-induced experimental COPD.]]> Mon 12 Dec 2022 14:27:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36960 Mon 03 Jul 2023 14:35:23 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:37427 Fri 31 Mar 2023 15:03:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34326 Fri 25 Sep 2020 10:20:03 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:40086 in utero cigarette smoke exposure. Methods: We used machine learning methods to create a score reflecting exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy. This score is based on peripheral blood measurements of DNA methylation (Illumina’s Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip). The score was developed and tested in the Raine Study with data from 995 white 17-y-old participants using 10-fold cross-validation. The score was further tested and validated in independent data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) (16-y-olds) and 1966 (NFBC1966) (31-y-olds). Further, three previously proposed DNA methylation scores were applied for comparison. The final score was developed with 204 CpGs using elastic net regression. Results: Sensitivity and specificity values for the best performing previously developed classifier (“Reese Score”) were 88% and 72% for Raine, 87% and 61% for NFBC1986 and 72% and 70% for NFBC1966, respectively; corresponding figures using the elastic net regression approach were 91% and 76% (Raine), 87% and 75% (NFBC1986), and 72% and 78% for NFBC1966. Conclusion: We have developed a DNA methylation score for exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy, outperforming the three previously developed scores. One possible application of the current score could be for model adjustment purposes or to assess its association with distal health outcomes where part of the effect can be attributed to maternal smoking. Further, it may provide a biomarker for fetal exposure to maternal smoking.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 13:24:59 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:39946 p = 0.04) compared with those with a trade, vocational or university-level education. Just over one-third of a sample of Australian cancer patients were not asked about all assessed lifestyle risk factors following their diagnosis of cancer. These findings suggest there is scope to improve identification of lifestyle risk factors among cancer survivors.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 11:44:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:49500 Fri 19 May 2023 12:08:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:53838 5-10 cigarettes per day. Animal studies investigated kidney histopathology and highlighted kidney injury and microscopic changes in response to nicotine exposure during pregnancy. Further research is required to determine the impact on kidney function. Recreational nicotine use is evolving, and with the increasing use of urine cotinine in the evaluation of nicotine exposure, further research is needed.]]> Fri 19 Jan 2024 10:11:37 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:37579 Fri 19 Feb 2021 15:44:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:53188 Fri 17 Nov 2023 11:33:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:47247 Fri 16 Dec 2022 12:29:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:40583 Fri 15 Jul 2022 10:46:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46047 Fri 11 Nov 2022 14:11:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:35884 Fri 10 Jan 2020 12:22:43 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51501 2 smokers during childhood (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.11–3.04). For cases, current smoking and the highest categories of smoking duration and lifetime cigarette exposure were associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for current smoking and FL-specific mortality was 2.97 (95%CI = 0.91–9.72). We found no association between recent alcohol consumption and FL risk, all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Our study showed consistent evidence of an association between smoking and increased FL risk and possibly also FL-specific mortality. Strengthening anti-smoking policies and interventions may reduce the population burden of FL.]]> Fri 08 Sep 2023 11:56:03 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:27457 Fri 07 Dec 2018 16:29:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:52988 Fri 03 Nov 2023 16:07:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51357 Fri 01 Sep 2023 13:45:52 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:51350 Fri 01 Sep 2023 13:34:35 AEST ]]>