http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/services/Feed ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:13008 Best entropy estimation is a technique that has been widely applied in many areas of science. It consists of estimating an unknown density from some of its moments by maximizing some measure of the entropy of the estimate. This problem can be modelled as a partially-finite convex program, with an integrable function as the variable. A complete duality and existence theory is developed for this problem and for an associated extended problem which allows singular, measure-theoretic solutions. This theory explains the appearance of singular components observed in the literature when the Burg entropy is used. It also provides a unified treatment of existence conditions when the Burg, Boltzmann-Shannon, or some other entropy is used as the objective. Some examples are discussed. 2013-06-07T02:26:56.669Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:13007 We introduce a new concept of efficiency in vector optimization. This concept, super efficiency, is shown to have many desirable properties. In particular, we show that in reasonable settings the super efficient points of a set are norm-dense in the efficient frontier. We also provide a Chebyshev characterization of super efficient points for nonconvex sets and a scalarization theory when the underlying set is convex. 2013-06-07T02:26:33.918Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:12206 The performance of a new and simplified flow probe construction and the Iowa 545C-4 pulsed Doppler velocimeter was evaluated for measurement of blood flow over several months in small arteries of awake animals. Calibrations were performed over a wide range of intraluminal pressures and physiological flow velocities. Pressure-dependent differences in slope of the Doppler shift-volume flow relationship were detected in some probes. Signal strength was maintained at hematocrits > 10%. Distortion of pulsed Doppler signal peaks occurred in the conscious rabbit at peak aortic velocities, at which Reynold's number for turbulence was exceeded and the Doppler shift surpassed the Nyquist limit of 31.25 kHz for the velocimeter. Although the Doppler shift-volume flow relationship is linear at < 5 kHz, in some cases at higher Doppler shifts and blood flow velocities the relationship may become nonlinear, thus causing the volume flow rate to be underestimated by up to 38%. The cause of this phenomenon may be "aliasing" and/or the consequence of the range control capability of the velocimeter selectively sampling changing velocity profiles and flow disturbances in the central stream at higher velocities. 2012-12-17T00:25:51.562Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:12207 In the resting awake dog a continuous-wave Doppler flow transducer on the right bronchoesophageal artery inscribes a sharp early systolic spike and low flow in late systole and throughout diastole, indicating a highly resistive bed. An analysis of autonomic factors using intravenous, cumulative, and randomly applied cholinoceptor, beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor, and alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists indicates that the low vascular conductance is due to cholinoceptor and alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor effects in a ratio 3.6:1. No beta-adrenoceptor tone is present. Sighing behavior invokes a transient (< 2 s) fall in intrapleural pressure (and thus rise in bronchovascular transmural pressure) of 10-30 mmHg, which is followed by a two- to threefold increase over 30 s in bronchial flow and conductance, an effect simulated in 50% of dogs when bronchovascular transmural pressure is acutely raised and maintained over 40-60 s by inflating an intra-aortic balloon distal to the origin of the bronchial artery. Autonomic blockade has no effect on bronchovascular dilatation evoked either by sighing or by balloon inflation. It is concluded that, in the resting bronchial circulation, there exists strong cholinoceptor and alpha-adrenoceptor-based vasoconstrictor activity which can be overpowered by strong nonadrenergic noncholinergic local vasodilator reflexes evoked by sudden changes in intrathoracic transmural pressure possibly acting on stretch-sensitive sensory nerve endings containing substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neurokinins. The tonic vasoconstrictor but not the sigh-evoked vasodilator effects are sensitive to pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. 2012-12-17T00:24:14.705Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:8447 Higher Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2011-12-19T23:00:17.076Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:815 Education is an arena of our society where change and progress are quite appropriate, though these two elements do not always go hand-in-hand. Whether "change" equalled "progress" in the 1980s is the still unanswered research-policy practice question. This was a time of financial restraint in Australia, first instituted by the national conservative Fraser government. This was also a time when commonwealth and state governments reclaimed control of many school-based programs to such an extent that classroom practices in the 1990s are markedly different, intellectually and politically. Research on policy and practice in the processes of educational decision-making in Australia the 1980s and early 1990s is a rich diverse field, even though Fitzgerald (1990: 16-17) points to the general "gutlessness of Australian academics" to attempt to contribute to the construction of public policy. 2010-04-27T06:48:40.190Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:816 Theories of organisation actually become ideologies, legitimisations for certain forms of organisation. They deploy arguments in terms of rationality and efficiency to provide control. The limits that they impose upon the conception of organisations actually close down the possibility of considering alternative forms of organisation. This is nowhere more clearly evident than in the current application of management theories to schools. Such theories marginalise empirical studies of school practice and dismiss the 'folk-knowledge' of teachers as irrelevant. They are as significant for what they exclude as for what they include (Ball, 1987, p. 5). 2010-04-27T06:48:35.333Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2636 Considerable effort has been expended over the last decade on the production of persistent stores, for example CMS POMS, CPOMS, MONADS and Thatte's Persistent Memory. These generally did not provide for concurrent access to the store, and included no support for distribution. In this paper we investigate the distribution of persistent stores, including the issues of uniformity, unbounded size, and stability. We then examine and contrast two examples of distributed persistent stores, the Monads DSM and distributed Napier. 2010-04-27T06:44:49.962Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2103 Aimed at both the practitioner and the student, the text demonstrates the links between macro-level policy decisions and micro-level school praxis, and provides a number of detailed case studies (both Australian and international) highlighting the leadership context. A brief history and overview of traditional policy and leadership models in part 1 precedes a more detailed and powerful account in parts 2 and 3, through a focus on contemporary research and analysis. the text encourages readers to think critically about the implications of policy for such educational issues as management and leadership, devolution, accountability, curriculum, gender, ethics and democracy. Contributed chapters by leading researchers in the field were commissioned specifically for the text. 2010-04-27T06:43:42.074Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2699 Lattice filter structures have a long history in the filtering and prediction of discrete-time signals. Often these discrete-time signals arise from the sampling of an underlying continuous-time process, and the limiting behavior of the filter as the sampling rate increases is rarely considered. In this paper it is shown that this issue is resolved if the standard formulation of the lattice filter structure, based on the forward shift operator, is replaced by an alternative formulation based on the incremental difference, or delta, operator. The paper contains two contributions. First, the continuous and discrete lattice algorithms are presented in a unified framework, thereby revealing their common structure. Secondly, it is shown that when the discrete-time signal is obtained by sampling an underlying continuous-time process, the lattice filter corresponding to the discrete case converges, in a well-defined sense, to the solution of the underlying continuous problem as the sampling period approaches zero. 2010-04-27T06:30:39.101Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2039 In this article I want to suggest that in the immediate past there were spaces and possibilities for the reformation of educational administration towards many of the goals to which educators aspired in the previous decade, in particuiar the goal of school-based decision making including a credible level of participative democracy. 2010-04-27T06:21:19.413Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2045 2010-04-27T06:21:16.883Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2043 2010-04-27T06:21:14.503Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2621 This paper describes our experiences with the development of a Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) based on a single, very large, paged virtual memory space distributed across an arbitrary number of discrete nodes connected to a network of homogeneous computers. The DSM supports two object granularities: coarse-grain objects called modules and fine-grain objects called segments. We show that support for both modules and segments has advantages in the areas of naming and location, protection, data consistency, transaction management and garbage collection. 2010-04-27T06:19:05.526Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2626 In current research operating systems, support for objects and the persistence of these objects has been recognised as an important consideration. Research systems provide support for these concepts in the kernel. In these systems a great deal of effort has gone into integrating persistence and object structures with the other low level functions of the operating system. The low level nature of the support ensures that these concepts are in every respect a seamless part of the operating system which interacts sensibly with other components of the system. There has been a tendency in such systems to ignore the issues of concurrency control and resilience, with the attitude that these concepts are well understood by the database community, and as such, can be easily added on top of the system at a later date. A research project is described which aims to investigate the implementation of concurrency control and resilience support at the lowest level of the operating system. Concurrency control and resilience are considered to be sufficiently important and complex issues that they merit support at a low layer of the operating system in the same sense that support for persistence belongs at this level. It is a motivating belief for this project that support for fully fledged concurrency control systems in a truly seamless fashion requires appropriate low level functionality provided by the system. The goal of this project is the identification a set of low level operating system primitives through which a variety of both traditional and more advanced concurrency control methods can be implemented on a persistent store. This goal is being approached through the development of a prototype persistent store which can be used as both an experimental environment and a testbed for the demonstration of the viability of the projects results. 2010-04-27T06:19:04.407Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:2097 Curriculum work involves the identification and critique of the ideology embedded in all curriculum practice, discourse and organisation. Curriculum research informs individual and collective action in each of these registers of culture to eliminate injustice, inhumanity and ignorance in education, it institutional context and in society. 2010-04-27T06:08:22.223Z ]]>