http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/services/Feed ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:9977 The purpose of this study was to test a conceptual model based on theoretical and empirically supported relationships related to the influences of weight perceptions, weight concerns, desires to change weight, friends, age and location in relation to physical activity (PA) and smoking in adolescents. A total of 1242 males and 1446 females (mean age = 15.6 ± 1.3) were recruited from rural and urban Canadian schools. Study respondents provided self-reports of PA, ‘smoking’, ‘perceived body weight’, ‘desire to change weight’, ‘concern about weight gain’ and ‘friends' smoking and PA behaviors’. Results revealed an acceptable fitting model χ2 (40) = 155.63, P < 0.05, root mean square error of approximation = 0.047 and comparative fit index = 0.98. Large effect sizes for both genders were observed between friends' and adolescents' smoking behavior, and between perceived body weight and desire to change weight. Further, significant differences were identified between the male and female models [χ2 difference (24) = 65.28, P < 0.05]. Several findings of this study point to the need to design programs to motivate adolescent females to adopt healthy weight-control practices and to target young peoples' social networks to promote health behaviors, especially with regard to smoking. 2012-02-09T01:40:03.919Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:9361 Background: The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three physical activity (PA) behavioural intervention strategies in a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes. Method/Design: Participants (N = 287) were randomly assigned to one of three groups consisting of the following intervention strategies: (1) standard printed PA educational materials provided by the Canadian Diabetes Association [i.e., Group 1/control group)]; (2) standard printed PA educational materials as in Group 1, pedometers, a log book and printed PA information matched to individuals' PA stage of readiness provided every 3 months (i.e., Group 2); and (3) PA telephone counseling protocol matched to PA stage of readiness and tailored to personal characteristics, in addition to the materials provided in Groups 1 and 2 (i.e., Group 3). PA behaviour measured by the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and related social-cognitive measures were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18-months (i.e., 6-month follow-up). Clinical (biomarkers) and health-related quality of life assessments were conducted at baseline, 12-months, and 18-months. Linear Mixed Model (LMM) analyses will be used to examine time-dependent changes from baseline across study time points for Groups 2 and 3 relative to Group 1. Discussion: ADAPT will determine whether tailored but low-cost interventions can lead to sustainable increases in PA behaviours. The results may have implications for practitioners in designing and implementing theory-based physical activity promotion programs for this population. 2012-01-30T05:19:02.832Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:7017 The primary objective of the current study was to explore the relationship between 2 dietary behaviours — (i) fruit and vegetable intake and (ii) dietary fat intake — with body mass index (BMI) and physical activity. A secondary objective was to examine the reliability of these relationships at 6 and 18 months. Demographic factors, including height and weight to calculate BMI, were self-reported by a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes (n=1614) recruited through the Canadian Diabetes Association registry and through random-digit dialling. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, while fruit, vegetable and dietary fat intake were measured using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure. These variables were assessed at 3 time points: baseline, 6 months and 18 months. Two-way between-group analysis of variance was conducted separately for fruit and vegetable consumption and fat intake in order to examine the association of BMI categories and activity level and their interactions with these dietary behaviours. At baseline, participants reported consuming 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables 5.2 days per week and high-fat foods 1.6 days per week. The mean BMI was 29.3 kg/m2, and 65% of participants were inactive (i.e. not meeting physical activity guidelines). There was a statistically significant main effect for both BMI (F=11.58, p<0.001) and activity level (F=18.45, p<0.001) for fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as a significant main effect for BMI when examining fat intake (F=5.42, p<0.01). The findings at 6 months were similar to baseline results, but were different at 18 months. Across the 3 study time points, there were no interactions observed for physical activity or BMI with either diet variable. Obese individuals reported significantly lower fruit consumption and higher fat consumption compared to their overweight and healthy-weight counterparts. Active individuals had a higher fruit and vegetable intake. These results will help guide the development of diabetes education programs that are tailored to better meet the needs of people with type 2 diabetes. 2012-01-30T05:05:58.915Z ]]> http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:9383 Physical activity (PA) is a key management strategy for type 2 diabetes. Despite the known benefits, PA levels are low. Whether the low level of PA is related to lack of knowledge or support is not fully understood. This study was conducted to describe where and how often adults with type 2 diabetes receive and seek information related to PA and examine the relationships between the source and quality of PA information with PA behaviors. A series of questions related to the source and quality of PA information were added to a baseline survey distributed to the participants (N = 244) of the Canadian Aerobic and Resistance Training in Diabetes (CARED) study. Physicians and television were found to be the main sources of PA-related information. In our cross-sectional model, sources of PA-related information other than that from health care professionals explained 14% (p = .05) and 16% (p < .05) of the variance for aerobic-based and resistance training behaviors and 22% (p < .01) and 15% (p < .05) for these behaviors in our longitudinal model. Physical activity (PA)-related information is widely available to adults with type 2 diabetes. Neither the quantity nor the quality of the PA information provided by health care professionals predicted PA behavior. These data provide further insight into the modes with which PA can be promoted to adults with type 2 diabetes. 2011-11-15T00:50:05.791Z ]]>