A matrix M is nilpotent of index 2 if M² = 0. Let V be a space of nilpotent n x n matrices of index 2 over a field k where card k > n and suppose that r is the maximum rank of any matrix in V. The object of this paper is to give an elementary proof of the fact that dim V ≤ r(n − r). We show that the inequality is sharp and construct all such subspaces of maximum dimension. We use the result to find the maximum dimension of spaces of anti-commuting matrices and zero subalgebras of special Jordan Algebras.
Relation
Linear Algebra and Its Applications Vol. 431, Issue 8, p. 1116-1124