Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/31247
- Title
- Ca²+ stores regulate ryanodine receptor Ca²+ release channels via luminal and cytosolic Ca²+ sites
- Author/Creator
-
Laver, Derek R.
- Description
- The free [Ca²⁺] in endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ stores regulates excitability of Ca²⁺ release by stimulating the Ca²⁺ release channels. Just how the stored Ca²⁺ regulates activation of these channels is still disputed. One proposal attributes luminal Ca²⁺-activation to luminal facing regulatory sites, whereas another envisages Ca²⁺ permeation to cytoplasmic sites. This study develops a unified model for luminal Ca²⁺ activation for single cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR₂) and RyRs in coupled clusters in artificial lipid bilayers. It is shown that luminal regulation of RyR₂ involves three modes of action associated with Ca²⁺ sensors in different parts of the molecule; a luminal activation site (L-site, 60 μM affinity), a cytoplasmic activation site (A-site, 0.9 μM affinity), and a novel cytoplasmic inactivation site (I₂-site, 1.2 μM affinity). RyR activation by luminal Ca²⁺ is demonstrated to occur by a multistep process dubbed luminal-triggered Ca²⁺ feedthrough. Ca²⁺ binding to the L-site initiates brief openings (1 ms duration at 1–10 s⁻¹) allowing luminal Ca²⁺ to access the A-site, producing up to 30-fold prolongation of openings. The model explains a broad data set, reconciles previous conflicting observations and provides a foundation for understanding the action of pharmacological agents, RyR-associated proteins, and RyR₂ mutations on a range of Ca²⁺-mediated physiological and pathological processes.
- Relation
- The Biophysical Society Vol. 92, Issue 10, p. 3541-3555
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.099028
- Date
- 2007
- Publisher
- Biophysical Society
- Keyword(s)
-
calcium release channels;
cardiac muscle;
calcium stores;
excitationcontraction;
ryanodine receptor;
bilayer
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/31247
- Identifier
- ISSN:0006-3495
- Language
- eng
- Reviewed
- Full Text
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